In this blog you will find the correct answer of the Coursera quiz Economics of Money and Banking Coursera Answer mixsaver always try to bring the best blogs and best coupon codes
 

Week- 4

Banking as a Clearing System, continued

 

1.
Question 1
All of the following are correct statements about the Fed Funds market, as compared to the repo market, except one. Which one is FALSE?

1 point

  • Repo dealers make markets in securities as well as markets for money
  • Dealers are more important than brokers because their balance sheets are monitored by the Fed
  • Repo markets can function as a channel for inter-corporate borrowing and lending, but the Fed Funds market cannot
  • Repo markets are accessible to a wider class of economic agents
  • Both Fed Funds and repo provide mechanisms for flow of funds between banks

2.
Question 2
After the global financial crisis, the overnight repo rate was for a while persistently higher than the overnight Fed Funds rate, whereas previously it had been lower. Which of the following is NOT a possible explanation?

1 point

  • Before the crisis, the Fed was trying to encourage borrowing at the Fed Funds rate to expand short term credit
  • After the crisis, the Fed was generally trying to foster elasticity by keeping the better money at a discount
  • Before the crisis, the Fed was generally trying to impose discipline by keeping the better money at a premium
  • After the crisis, default risk was no longer priced positively
  • Eurodollars sold at a premium

3.
Question 3
Why would a bank seek financing on the Eurodollar market instead of the Fed Funds market?

1 point

  • Interest rates are higher in Eurodollar markets
  • Eurodollars are secured whereas Fed Funds are not
  • Greater liquidity in Eurodollar markets due to greater presence of dealers
  • Eurodollar loans are available for terms longer than one day
  • The Fed Funds market is not available to banks outside the US

4.
Question 4
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the expectations hypothesis of the term structure of interest rates?

1 point

  • Foreign interest rates are always higher than domestic interest rates
  • The hypothesis provides a scientific explanation for the liquidity premium in the term structure
  • Empirically, the forward rate tends to be greater than the expected (or realized) spot rate, which contradicts the expectations hypothesis
  • The expected future spot rate should be greater than the forward rate in order to compensate for risk
  • Arbitrage ensures that the hypothesis holds at all times, except during crisis

5.
Question 5
Which of these statements are FALSE regarding uncovered interest parity (UIP)?

1 point

  • Studies find that high yielding currencies tend to appreciate, which is just the opposite of UIP prediction
  • Arbitrage ensures covered interest parity holds, but not uncovered interest parity
  • Empirical studies find that high yielding currencies tend to depreciate relative to low yielding currencies
  • It fails to hold empirically, while covered interest parity holds
  • Forward exchange rates tend to be biased estimators of future spot exchange rates

6.
Question 6
Suppose the Royal Bank of Scotland commits to making a 4-month dollar-denominated loan to one of its customers 2 months from now. Which of the following is least likely to be a part of RBS preparation for funding the loan?

1 point

  • Borrow six-month Euroyen to lock in Yen funding cost
  • Accept a six-month dollar deposit today
  • Borrow in the Eurodollar market two months from now
  • Accept a six-month pound deposit today, and hedge foreign exchange risk in forward exchange market
  • Purchase a forward rate agreement to lock in funding cost

 

 

Week- 5

Banking as Market Making

 

1.
Question 1
All of the following EXCEPT one is a property of an illiquid market. Which one does not belong?

1 point

  • Attempts to buy or sell tend to move prices around a lot
  • Prices tend to be inefficient, i.e. different from fundamental value
  • Agents cannot buy or sell quickly
  • Agents cannot buy or sell large quantities easily
  • Dealers in illiquid markets are well capitalized

2.
Question 2
Which of the following statements about the banking system of Bagehot’s day is INCORRECT?

1 point

  • The Bank of England could not lend freely in the face of external drain because of its very limited gold reserves
  • The central bank could supply an internal drain because it was at a higher level in the money-credit hierarchy than other banks
  • The Bank of England could lend freely to meet an external drain because of its massive gold reserves
  • A bank with too many discounts and too few notes could borrow from other banks using rediscount
  • The division of the Bank of England into separate Banking and Issue departments served to keep notes scarce, and so acted as a mechanism of discipline

3.
Question 3
Which of the following BEST describes the Bagehot Principle?

1 point

  • In times of crisis, insist on market valuation of all collateral, and for safety lend only a fraction of that value
  • In times of crisis, lend freely at a high rate against good security
  • Raise interest rates in booms, and lower them in recessions, to stabilize aggregate income
  • In times of crisis, lend selectively at market rates, but only to those who you think will survive
  • In times of crisis, lend freely at a low rate to prevent insolvent borrowers from failing

4.
Question 4
Which of the following is NOT true about the discount mechanism in the “world that Bagehot knew”?

1 point

  • The discounting bank raises its quoted discount rate to discourage demand for discount, and lowers to encourage
  • The market rate of interest depends on the marketwide balance between cash inflow from maturing bills and cash outflow from new discounts
  • The discounting bank can avoid liquidity risk by creating deposits rather than lending its note reserve
  • Discounting banks change their quoted discount rates in order to balance their own cash inflow and outflow
  • Banks ensure their own future liquidity by arranging a portfolio of bills maturing at different dates

5.
Question 5
According to our model of dealer behavior, if the demand for a particular security exhausts the dealer’s inventory, which of the following is the dealer’s MOST likely response?

1 point

  • Go short by using reverse repo to acquire additional securities to sell, but raise the selling price
  • Lower the ask (selling) price
  • Lower the bid (buying) price
  • Stop quoting that security and lower the price on other securities to attract the demand
  • Borrow money from the clearing bank in order to buy more securities to replenish the inventory

6.
Question 6
Which of the following MOST accurately characterizes the economics of the dealer function?

1 point

  • Dealer position limits are an artificial imposition of regulation
  • A fall in the bid-ask spread encourages more dealers to enter the market
  • Dealers serve a social function by keeping prices at their fundamental value
  • Dealers make money by keeping prices constant even as demand fluctuates
  • Value based traders establish the outside spread within which price fluctuates

 

Week- 6

Banking as Market Making, continued

 

1.
Question 1
When the Treynor model is adapted to the money market, all of the following are true, EXCEPT…?

1 point

  • Quotes are in yields, not prices, so the bid is higher than the offer
  • The dealer is primarily concerned about exposure to price risk
  • The dealer is willing to take on more liquidity risk if he is compensated by higher expected profit
  • The dealer quote curve slopes up
  • The dealer is primarily concerned about liquidity risk

2.
Question 2
Which of the following BEST characterizes the economics of a security dealer who funds his long and short security positions in the repo and reverse money markets?

1 point

  • The dealer increases and decreases exposure to price risk in proportion to liquidity risk
  • The dealer changes yield quotes to control exposure to liquidity risk
  • The dealer changes price quotes to control exposure to price risk
  • The dealer is price taking in competitive markets
  • The dealer uses both price and yield quotes in order to control exposure to both price and liquidity risk

3.
Question 3
Considering the relationship between traditional banking and shadow banking, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

1 point

  • In modern banking, the key prices are determined in competitive dealer markets, both capital markets and money markets
  • Both traditional banking and shadow banking involve creation of private money of various types
  • The traditional picture of banking emphasizes allocation of saving from household depositors to business investors
  • Both systems face solvency risk, but there is no liquidity risk for shadow banking since it can always raise funds in liquid wholesale money markets
  • The shadow banking system involves a shift from loan based credit to market based credit

4.
Question 4
Consider monetary transmission during tight monetary policy. Which of the following is NOT a link in the transmission mechanism?

1 point

  • The Fed raises the Fed Funds target rate
  • Economic impact depends on the effect on dealer behavior
  • Higher profit expectations bid up the long term bond yields
  • The rise in Fed Funds lowers the profitability of the liquidity spread for dealers unless the term rate rises proportionately
  • A rise in the term rate raises funding cost for bond dealers, so lowering expected profit on existing bond inventories

5.
Question 5
Which of the following statements about monetary policy is/are INCORRECT?

1 point

  • Monetary policy is all about expanding and contracting the overall size of the Fed’s balance sheet
  • According to the Taylor Rule, the Fed should raise interest rates when inflation exceeds the target
  • Monetary policy is all about shifting portfolio allocation on the asset side of the Fed’s balance sheet
  • Monetary policy is all about shifting portfolio allocation on the liability side of the Fed’s balance sheet
  • The appropriate stance of monetary policy depends on the balance of elasticity and discipline in the system as a whole
  • Control of short term rates gives the Fed some measure of control over both the quantity of credit and the price of credit

6.
Question 6
Which of the following is the most important reason for a central bank NOT TO INTERVENE during a liquidity crisis?

1 point

  • Liquidity problems in any market can lead to liquidity problems in the government securities markets
  • A fall in security security values means collateral value goes down, making refinance more difficult
  • Uncontrolled liquidation can sweep away good firms as well as bad firms
  • A fall in consumption spending can lead to a multiplier effect that aggravates the crisis
  • Relaxing the survival constraint prevents liquidation of bad investments

 

Week- 7

Midterm

 

1.
Question 1
Which of the following items best captures the concept of liquidity reserves for the Fed (the central bank of the United States)?

1 point

  • Dollars
  • Gold + SDRs + foreign currency
  • Gold
  • Federal Reserve Notes

2.
Question 2
Which of the following IS a property of Fed Funds?

1 point

  • Intraday credit
  • Interbank credit
  • Asset of the Fed
  • Liability of the Fed

3.
Question 3
Which of the following statements about the payment system is FALSE?

1 point

  • In an ideal credit system, surplus banks lend to deficit banks
  • When a bank runs a daylight overdraft, the balance sheet of the Fed contracts
  • When a bank borrows in the Fed Funds market, the balance sheet of the Fed neither expands nor contracts
  • Elasticity in the wholesale money market is the source of elasticity in the retail payments system

4.
Question 4
Which of the following statements about the term structure of interest rates is TRUE?

1 point

  • According to the expectations hypothesis, long rates should be higher than short rates to compensate for risk
  • Empirically, the forward rate seems to be an upwardly biased estimate of the future spot rate
  • The expectations hypothesis explains the persistent liquidity premium in long term interest rates
  • Arbitrage ensures that the expectations hypothesis holds at all times

5.
Question 5
Which statement is TRUE regarding uncovered interest parity (UIP)?

1 point

  • UIP is a generalization of covered interest parity
  • Arbitrage ensures that UIP holds, except in crisis
  • Forward exchange rates tend to be biased estimates of future spot exchange rates
  • Empirical studies find that low interest rate currencies tend to appreciate relative to high interest rate currencies

6.
Question 6
Each of the following is a property of an illiquid markets, EXCEPT…?

1 point

  • It is difficult to buy or sell large quantities
  • Dealers in illiquid markets are well-capitalized
  • Agents cannot buy or sell quickly
  • Attempts to buy or sell tend to move prices a lot

7.
Question 7
Which of the following BEST characterizes the economics of a security dealer who funds his long and short security positions in the repo and reverse markets?

1 point

  • The dealer is a price taker
  • Such a dealer is limited to matched book
  • The dealer changes price quotes to control exposure to price risk
  • The dealer is able to control exposure to price and liquidity risk independently

8.
Question 8
Which of the following BEST describes the Bagehot Principle?

1 point

  • In times of crisis, lend freely at a high interest rate
  • In times of crisis, lend freely at a low rate to help banks rebuild profitability
  • Intervene to stabilize the economy by raising rates in good times and lowering them in bad times
  • Safeguard liquidity by carefully scrutinizing potential borrowers

9.
Question 9
Each of the following is true about the economics of the dealer function, EXCEPT…?

1 point

  • Dealers seek profit by supplying market liquidity
  • Value based traders establish the outside spread within which price fluctuates
  • Dealers absorb fluctuations in net demand and supply by taking the imbalance onto their own balance sheet
  • A tight bid-ask spread attracts dealers to make markets

10.
Question 10
What is the MOST salient difference between traditional banking and so-called shadow banking?

1 point

  • Traditional banking involves creation of money substitutes
  • In shadow banking, key prices are determined in competitive dealer markets
  • Shadow banking involves solvency risk, whereas traditional banking involves liquidity risk
  • Shadow banking involves liquidity risk, whereas traditional banking involves solvency risk

 

Week- 8

International Money and Banking

 

1.
Question 1
Under a gold standard, all of the following are true, EXCEPT…?

1 point

  • All convertible currencies are at the same level in the hierarchy of money and credit
  • Gold is the ultimate international money
  • The exchange rate between two currencies can deviate from the mint par ratio because of the cost of shipping gold
  • Gold is an asset that is no one’s liability
  • Each currency has its own mint par

2.
Question 2
All of the following statements about the FX market are true, EXCEPT…?

1 point

  • Most derivative transactions have the dollar as one leg, and involve other majors, not minors
  • The dollar serves the function of an international currency, similar to the pound sterling prior to World War I
  • Empirically, market-determined forward exchange rates are biased estimates of future spot exchange rates
  • Only private agents, not central banks, can act as FX dealers
  • The FX market is fundamentally a money market, not a capital market

3.
Question 3
All of the following statements about FX theories are correct, EXCEPT….?

1 point

  • The survival constraint is the requirement that deficit countries find a way to settle with surplus countries
  • Legal tender laws establish the foreign exchange value of each currency relative to all the others
  • Covered Interest Parity conceives of the exchange rate as the relative price of tradeable assets
  • Chartalists link the origins of money to sovereign power, and view money as a creation of the state
  • Purchasing Power Parity conceives of the exchange rate as the relative price of tradeable goods

4.
Question 4
What was the significant difference between the US and UK proposals for the international monetary framework at Bretton Woods?

1 point

  • Banking school (US) versus Currency School (UK)
  • Private credit (US) versus public credit (UK)
  • Public credit (US) versus private credit (UK)
  • The US proposal would allow for flexible exchange rates, consistent with market principles
  • The UK proposal sought to make the survival constraint bind symmetrically on surplus countries as well as deficit countries

5.
Question 5
Which of the following BEST characterizes Mundell’s views on international money?

1 point

  • The international gold standard was a mistake and led to the Great Depression
  • Inconvertible national currencies can never serve effectively the functions of international money
  • Maintaining a constant value of gold is more important than maintaining stable prices
  • Economic and political instability in the 20th century were exacerbated by the lack of a genuine international currency
  • We should work towards a goal of fully flexible exchange rates, as this is consistent with free market principles

6.
Question 6
Which of the following MOST accurately characterizes some aspect of the international monetary system?

1 point

  • Global reach by huge hedge funds has effectively privatized the central banking role
  • The quantity of Special Drawing Rights outstanding today is unchanged since the establishment of the IMF at Bretton Woods
  • Price stability within countries, meaning low and stable inflation, leads to stable exchange rates between countries
  • The Eurodollar is the effective international reserve credit currency, a promise to pay US domestic reserve balances
  • Central banks failed to coordinate their actions during the recent financial crisis

 

 

Week- 8

International Money and Banking, continued

 

1.
Question 1
All of the following statements about foreign exchange dealers are true EXCEPT..?

1 point

  • In the least liquid FX markets, central banks set the inside spread, not just the outside spread
  • Dealers, both matched book and speculative, are willing to take on more risk only if they are compensated for it
  • A dealer buying FX spot and selling FX forward is hedged against price risk
  • A matched book dealer is exposed to liquidity risk, not price risk
  • The matched-book dealer profits from deviations from covered interest parity

2.
Question 2
Which of the following is NOT one of the mechanisms by a central bank may defend its currency against speculative attack?

1 point

  • Sell liquid assets, such as public debt, to put upward pressure on domestic interest rates
  • Borrow international reserves to buy domestic currency
  • Raise domestic interest rates to bribe foreigners to hold money balances rather than cashing them
  • Use international reserve holdings to buy domestic currency
  • Flood the market with liquidity by expanding balance sheet, buying foreign assets with domestic currency

3.
Question 3
Under a gold standard, all of the following statements are correct EXCEPT…?

1 point

  • The exchange rate can move away from mint par because of the cost of transporting gold
  • Profit-seeking dealers make markets inside the gold points
  • The survival constraint is more of problem for deficit dealers than for surplus dealers
  • When the price of foreign currency falls to the gold point, foreign exchange will be sold to central banks rather than price dealers
  • Balance sheet expansion can satisfy external drains, but not internal drains

4.
Question 4
Consider a dealer who is being asked to purchase FX and pay out dollars. Which of the following would provide incentive for the dealer to do that trade?

1 point

  • Positive report about US economic growth
  • Counterparties reduce their willingness to roll over the dealer’s funding liabilities
  • Spot rate and forward rate rise in tandem
  • Forward rate moves closer to expected spot rate
  • A positive differential between the FX forward rate and the expected spot rate

5.
Question 5
All of the following statements regarding (potential) arbitrage conditions are true, EXCEPT…?

1 point

  • The failure of uncovered interest parity provides an incentive for foreign exchange dealers to make markets
  • Uncovered interest parity is not a true riskless arbitrage condition because the future spot rate is unknown at the moment that the corresponding forward rate is determined.
  • According to covered interest parity, any change in the differential between forward and spot exchange rates must be accompanied by similar change in the overnight interest rate differential
  • Forward interest parity is a true arbitrage condition because all of the relevant interest rates, including term rate and forward rate, are known.

6.
Question 6
Consider a matched book FX dealer that is borrowing short and lending long in dollars. All of the following are true, EXCEPT…?

1 point

  • A matched book dealer relies on covered interest parity being true
  • He makes money by speculating on the difference between forward rates and expected spot rates
  • The dealer will be willing to take more risk if he is compensated for it
  • The dealer is exposed to liquidity risk, not price risk
  • The dealer will be willing to increase risk exposure only if he can buy spot relatively more cheaply than forward

 

Week-9

Banking as Advance Clearing

 

1.
Question 1
What was the central function of “shiftability” in the American system?

1 point

  • Shiftability allowed banks to raise funds by using the real bills discount mechanism
  • Shiftability made monetary policy, and hence markets, more transparent
  • Shiftability allowed banks to use their assets to raise cash as needed to meet short term liquidity calls
  • Shiftability allowed banks to open branches in other states
  • Shiftability prevented instability in financial markets

2.
Question 2
Which of the following is NOT correct about the role of banking for development finance?

1 point

  • A development bank mobilizes deposits for long-term capital loans to finance new development projects.
  • The ability of banks to create purchasing power simply by swapping IOUs means that development is not held back by prior available savings.
  • As Schumpeter emphasized, banks lend by creating new purchasing power for entrepreneurs who do not have it
  • The role of banking for development finance is very limited because safety requires banks to limit lending to short term real bills
  • Development finance involves mobilizing unused resources, thereby creating new economic activity.

3.
Question 3
All of the following statements about futures and forwards are true EXCEPT… ?

1 point

  • It is generally more expensive for a firm to lock in a forward rate of interest than to wait and pay the spot rate.
  • Forward interest parity means that the pricing of futures depends on the time structure of current spot interest rates.
  • A forward loan is generally more profitable for a bank than a spot loan. .
  • Banks and firms both use forwards and futures in order to hedge against price risk.
  • Futures and forwards are much the same in terms of cash flow, but not in terms of value since futures are marked to market whereas forwards are not.

4.
Question 4
Which of the following BEST characterizes the distinction between direct and indirect finance?

1 point

  • Direct finance involves more intermediation.
  • Indirect finance reduces risk, whereas direct finance simply transfers it
  • Direct finance is more efficient because there are fewer middlemen
  • Banking provides direct finance, whereas capital markets provide indirect finance
  • Direct finance involves the ultimate lender holding the promises to pay of the ultimate borrower

5.
Question 5
Which of the following statements about shadow banking is NOT true?

1 point

  • Regulations on traditional banking create incentives for shadow banking.
  • Shadow banking in the US is a recent phenomenon.
  • Shadow banking is illegal
  • Market liquidity is critically important for shadow banking, in order to price capital market collateral
  • Shadow banking involves money market funding of capital market lending.

6.
Question 6
Which of the following statements about banking during Bagehot’s time is NOT accurate?

1 point

  • The money market and capital market were more separated in Britain compared to the US.
  • The quasi-public Bank of England discount facility backstopped the British system, but in the US there was only the quasi-private New York Clearinghouse
  • Banks in Britain generally held shorter-term assets than banks in the US.
  • British banks relied more heavily on the timing of cash flows to provide liquidity, while US banks relied more heavily on money market funding and liquidity in the bond markets.
  • US banks safeguarded their liquidity by refusing to lend long term

 

 

Week- 11

Banking as Advance Clearing, continued

 

1.
Question 1
The following statements about interest rate swaps are all correct, EXCEPT…?

1 point

  • A bank that borrows short and lends long is, in effect, engaged in a swap, and so can hedge with an equal and opposite swap.
  • A long swap is more risky than a short swap
  • Something like a swap can be constructed with parallel loans, but it absorbs more balance sheet space
  • A long swap position pays fixed rate and receives flexible rate
  • In a swap that is constructed as a parallel loan, both parties still pay their original creditor the agreed rate over the life of the loan

2.
Question 2
All of the following statements about market making in swaps are correct, EXCEPT…?

1 point

  • Credit market imperfection creates incentive for swaps when it causes distortion of lending rates
  • Matched book dealing is not possible in swaps
  • Matched book swap dealing may net price risk, but still involves exposure to liquidity risk
  • Swap dealers make money by selling swaps at a different price than they buy swaps
  • Counterparty risk creates incentive for swaps because swaps have less such risk than the analogous parallel loan construction

3.
Question 3
In lecture we discussed how a corporate bond could be divided into three parts. What are they?

1 point

  • Risk-free asset, credit default swap, interest rate swap
  • Risky asset, credit risk, interest rate risk
  • Collateral, liquidity risk, credit risk
  • Counterparty risk, liquidity risk, price risk
  • Liquidity risk, interest rate risk, credit risk

4.
Question 4
Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the cash flow of a buyer of a CDS without mark-to-market features?

1 point

  • He makes or receives payments depending on fluctuation of the market price of the CDS
  • He pays a certain amount up front for the CDS, and receives another amount if the bond defaults
  • There is no net cash flow, because by construction CDS is zero net present value at inception
  • He pays a small amount in each time period, and receives a large amount in the case of default
  • He makes or receives payments depending on fluctuation of the price of the reference risky bond

5.
Question 5
All of the following statements about the CDS market are true, EXCEPT..?

1 point

  • Dealers sell CDS on individual bonds and hedge by purchasing CDS on an index
  • Holding a risky CDO plus CDS as insurance on that CDO entails more liquidity risk than simply holding a riskfree Treasury bond
  • The value of CDS fluctuates over time
  • The CDS market is more liquid than the market in the risky bonds referenced by CDS
  • CDS on sovereign debt makes no sense because sovereigns do not default

6.
Question 6
Which of the following statements about swaps is CORRECT?

1 point

  • Swap markets increase aggregate risk by expanding risk exposure to a multiple of the underlying referenced risky assets
  • Swaps are inherently in zero net supply
  • Swap markets replace traditional banking by replacing actual swap of IOUs with only notional swap of IOUs
  • Sovereigns who issue their own currency can never default, so credit default swaps make no sense in this case
  • The quantity of swap contracts is limited by the quantity of the underlying referenced risky assets

 

Week- 12

Money in the Real World

 

1.
Question 1
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of shadow banking?

1 point

  • Money market funding
  • Capital market lending
  • Prices determined in dealer markets
  • Sharp separation of capital market and money market
  • Global funding of local lending

2.
Question 2
The following statements about traditional and shadow banking are all correct EXCEPT…?

1 point

  • The Fed provides the ultimate liquidity backstop for the shadow banking system
  • The traditional banking system provided the immediate liquidity backstop for the shadow banking system
  • The Fed provides liquidity backstop for the traditional banking system
  • The FDIC provides capital backstop for the traditional banking system
  • Funding liquidity implies market liquidity

3.
Question 3
For smooth operation of the new market-based credit system, fluctuation in the value of RMBS requires all of the following EXCEPT…?

1 point

  • Liquidity backstop for both money dealers and risk dealers
  • Efficient collateral flow through the dealer system
  • Elimination of counterparty risk through “too-big-to-fail”
  • Ability of ultimate risk holder to absorb losses
  • Both funding and market liquidity backstops

4.
Question 4
All of the following are central aspects of the “money view” EXCEPT…?

1 point

  • Explains current asset prices as a consequence of expected future values
  • Emphasizes the relationship between funding liquidity and market liquidity
  • Recognizes the important role of the central bank as ultimate provider of funding liquidity
  • Emphasizes liquidity and the survival constraint

Focuses on the problem of meeting cash commitments in a timely manner

5.
Question 5
Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

1 point

  • Over the last thirty years, the central debate in economic discourse has been mostly between the finance view and the money view
  • The defining characteristic of the money view is that past promises are no constraint to current spending
  • The defining characteristic of the money view is that current spending is limited only by future income expectation
  • The economics view is characterized by the notion that income today results from capital investments in the past
  • The finance view and the economic view are quite similar, while the money view presents a stark contrast

6.
Question 6
Which of the following statements is MOST consistent with the views of Fischer Black?

1 point

  • The Fed should increase the money supply at a constant rate of growth
  • Business fluctuations can and should be smoothed by a combination of countercyclical fiscal and monetary policy
  • The operations of the Fed have little effect on the broader economy, or are counterproductive
  • The Fed should cut interest rates during business recessions in order to move the economy toward full employment
  • The Fed should target inflation by adjusting the interest rate

 

Final Exam

 

1.
Question 1
Under a gold standard, all of the following are true, EXCEPT…?

1 point

  • All currencies are at the same level in the hierarchy of money and credit
  • Exchange rates can differ from mint par because of the cost of shipping gold
  • Gold is the ultimate international money
  • Gold is an asset that is no one’s liability

2.
Question 2
What was the significant difference between the US and UK proposals at Bretton Woods?

1 point

  • Private credit (US) versus public credit (UK)
  • Keynes’ bancor proposal sought to shift the balance toward elasticity, while White’s IMF proposal sought to shift the balance toward discipline
  • The US proposal promoted flexible exchange rates, consistent with market principles
  • Banking School (US) versus Currency School (UK)

3.
Question 3
Which of the following MOST accurately characterizes current international monetary arrangements?

1 point

  • Foreign banks rely in the first instance on Eurodollars, mere promises to pay actual dollars, as the international reserve
  • The quantity of Special Drawing Rights issued by the IMF is unchanged since Bretton Woods
  • Low and stable inflation in each country independently is the best guarantor of stable exchange rates between countries
  • Global reach by huge hedge funds has effectively eliminated the need for government controlled central banks

4.
Question 4
Under a gold standard, all of the following statements are correct EXCEPT..?

1 point

  • The survival constraint is more of problem for deficit countries than for surplus countries
  • Central banks establish the outside spread in foreign exchange markets
  • Balance sheet expansion by the central bank can satisfy external drains, but not internal drains
  • Profit-seeking dealers establish the inside spread in foreign exchange markets

5.
Question 5
All of the following statements about (potential) arbitrage conditions are correct EXCEPT….?

1 point

  • According to covered interest parity, any change in the differential between domestic and foreign term interest rates must be accompanied by a similar change in the overnight interest differential
  • Uncovered interest parity is not a true riskless arbitrage condition because the future spot rate is unknown at the time that the corresponding forward rate is determined
  • Covered interest parity is a true arbitrage condition because all of the relevant prices are observable today
  • The failure of uncovered interest parity provides an incentive for foreign exchange dealers to make markets

6.
Question 6
What was the central function of “shiftability” in the American system?

1 point

  • Shiftability made monetary policy more transparent
  • Shiftability allowed banks to use their assets to raise cash as needed to meet short term liquidity calls
  • Shiftability allowed banks to raise funds by using the real bills discount mechanism
  • Shiftability prevented instability in financial markets

7.
Question 7
All of the following statements about banking in Bagehot’s time are correct EXCEPT…?

1 point

  • Funding liquidity was more important in Britain, and market liquidity was more important in the US
  • US banks were more willing than British banks to lend long term because they had access to the discount window as a liquidity backstop
  • British banks safeguarded their liquidity by refusing to lend long term
  • The money market and the capital market were more distinct in Britain than in the US

8.
Question 8
All of the following statements about interest rate swaps are correct EXCEPT….?

1 point

  • Interest rate swaps involve exactly the same counterparty risk as the analogous parallel loan construction
  • In a swap constructed as a parallel loan, both parties pay their original creditor as well as their new swap counterparty
  • Something like a swap can be constructed as a parallel loan, but it absorbs more balance sheet space
  • A long swap position pays a fixed rate and receives a flexible rate.

9.
Question 9
Only one of the following statements about swaps is correct. Which one?

1 point

  • A swap contract moves risk from one counterparty to another
  • Sovereigns can never default on debt issued in their own currency, so credit default swaps on sovereign debt make no sense
  • The quantity of swap contracts is limited by the quantity of the underlying referenced risky assets
  • Swap markets increase aggregate risk by expanding side bets on fundamentals

10.
Question 10
All of the following are central aspects of the “money view” EXCEPT…?

1 point

  • Focuses on the problem of meeting cash commitments as they come due
  • Emphasizes the relationship between funding liquidity and market liquidity
  • Explains current asset prices as a consequence of expected future cash flows
  • Emphasizes the importance of the central bank as ultimate provider of funding liquidity