Bromine has 7 valency electrons. The electronic configuration of bromine is 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p5. It is a p-block element and has 7 electrons in its outermost shell.
How many neutrons does bromine have?
Bromine has 45 neutrons. Bromine has two stable isotopes. Bromine-79 which has an abundance of 51% and has 44 neutrons. While Bromine-81 has 49% abundance and has 46 neutrons.
What is bromine used for?
The following are some of the uses of Bromine.
Silver bromide is used in photographic emulsions with silver chloride and silver iodide.
Ethylene bromide is used as anti-engine knocking agents in gasolines.
Bromomethane was once used as pesticide but it is no longer used because it is consider as ozone depletion agents.
Bromothymol blue is used as a pH indicator in titration.
Bromine is used in flame retardants (tetrabromobisphenol A).
What is bromine?
Bromine is a chemical element with an atomic number (Z) 35. It has a standard atomic weight 79.904 and it is represented by the symbol Br. In the perodic table it is in group 17 (halogen family) and period 4. It is the third-lightest halogen and has a red-brown liquid appearance. It is a p-block element and its electronic configuration is 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p5.
At standard temperature and pressure Bromine is liquid. Its melting point is 265.8 K ?(−7.2 °C, ?19 °F) and its boiling point is 332.0 K ?(58.8 °C, ?137.8 °F). Liquid Bromine has a density of 3.1028 g/cm3. The electronegativity of bromine is 2.96 (Pauling scale) and its oxidation states may be −1, +1, +3, +4, +5, +7 depending on the bonding species. Bromine first ionization need 1139.9 kJ/mol energy.
Bromine has two stable isotopes Bromine-79 and Bromine-81 with an abundance of 51% and 49% respectively. Bromine also has 32 radioisotopes. Bromine is discovered and isolated by Antoine Jérôme Balard and Carl Jacob Löwig in 1825 and 1826 independently.
Bromine is a reactive element which is not found freely in nature, it reacts with other elements. It has some of the following uses.Silver bromide is used in photographic emulsions with silver chloride and silver iodide.
Ethylene bromide is used as anti-engine knocking agents in gasolines.
Bromomethane was once used as pesticide but it is no longer used because it is consider as ozone depletion agents.
Bromothymol blue is used as a pH indicator in titration.
Bromine is used in flame retardants (tetrabromobisphenol A).
Bromine is less abundant than other halogens like flourine and Chlorine. It is found in the form of Bromide salts in Earth's crust with an average of 2.5 parts per million. Because of leaching it is more abundant in oceans reaching up to 65 parts per million. The main sources of bromine are in the United States and Israel. Large amounts of Bromide salts consumption is toxic and causing bromism.
