Promethium is a chemical element that has the atomic number (Z) 61. Its mass number is 145 u and it is represented by the symbol Pm. In the periodic table, it is located in the lanthanide series and period 6. Promethium is an f-block element and its electronic configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f5 5d0 6s2. In an electrically neutral atom of promethium, there are 61 electrons, 61 protons, and 84 neutrons. The oxidation states of promethium are +2, +3. Its electronegativity is 1.13 (Pauling scale). 540 kJ/mol energy is required to kick out its 1st valance electron.
Promethium is solid at STP and has a density of 7.26 g/cm3. Its melting point is 1315 K ?(1042 °C, ?1908 °F) and its boiling point is 3273 K ?(3000 °C, ?5432 °F). It has a silvery-metallic appearance.
Promethium is an artificial element. It is found in a very trace amount. There are thirty-eight isotopes of promethium which are all radioisotopes. It forms as a product of uranium-235 and Uranium-238. And also produced when Eurpopium-151 decays. There is no stable isotope of promethium.
Promethium was discovered by Charles D. Coryell, Jacob A. Marinsky, and Lawrence E. Glendenin in 1945.
promethium is extremely rare no more than 600g can be found in the earth's crust. It was found in 1965 in ore of apatite by chemist Olavi Erämetsä. Promethium-147 is produced as a result of spontaneous fission of uranium-238 and alpha decay of Eropium-151.
In the 1960s, Oak Ridge National Laboratory was producing promethium at a rate of 650 grams of promethium per year. It was discontinued in the 1980s. Russia is currently producing Promethium-147 on a large scale.
Promethium-147 can be found outside of labs. The rest of the isotopes are used for research purposes. It is used in luminous paint. Promethium-147 is used in radioisotope batteries for generating electricity. It is also used in measure and thickness of the material.
Who discovered promethium?
Promethium was discovered by American chemists Charles D. Coryell, Jacob A. Marinsky, and Lawrence E. Glendenin in 1945.
What is promethium used for?
Promethium-147 can be found outside of labs. The rest of the isotopes are used for research purposes. It is used in luminous paint. Promethium-147 is used in radioisotope batteries for generating electricity. It is also used in measure and thickness of the material.
Where is promethium found?
Promethium is a radioactive element. Its isotopes are produced artificially. Promethium is extremely rare no more than 600g can be found in the earth's crust. It was found in 1965 in ore of apatite by chemist Olavi Erämetsä. Promethium-147 is produced as a result of spontaneous fission of uranium-238 and alpha decay of Eropium-151.
In the 1960s, Oak Ridge National Laboratory was producing promethium at a rate of 650 grams of promethium per year. It was discontinued in the 1980s. Russia is currently producing Promethium-147 on a large scale.
